What is Partial Blindness?
Partial blindness is defined as a condition in which a person experiences limited vision, which may include blurring, the inability to distinguish shapes, seeing only shadows, poor night vision, or tunnel vision, before becoming completely blind.
Types of Blindness
Partial Blindness: Some vision is still present. This condition is often called "low vision."
Complete Blindness: The inability to see or detect light. This condition is very rare.
Congenital Blindness: This refers to poor vision at birth. Causes include inherited eye and retinal disorders and non-hereditary birth defects.
Legal Blindness: This occurs when central vision is 20/200 in the better eye, even with correction with glasses or contact lenses. Having 20/200 vision means you have to be 10 times closer or an object must be 10 times larger to see it, compared to a person with 20/20 vision. Additionally, you may be legally blind if your field of vision or peripheral vision is severely reduced (less than 20 degrees).
Nutritional Blindness: This term describes vision loss caused by vitamin A deficiency. If vitamin A deficiency persists, damage to the front surface of the eye (xerophthalmia) can occur. This type of blindness can also make it difficult to see at night or in low light because the retinal cells do not function properly.
You may be wondering what color blindness is, which is not blindness in the traditional sense. Another name for this condition is "color deficiency." Colors are perceived differently. This condition can be inherited or acquired due to disease or damage to the retina or optic nerve. If you can only see black, white, or shades of gray, you have color blindness.
What are the symptoms of Blindness?
Complete blindness is characterized by vision loss and the eye's inability to detect light.
Symptoms you may experience with vision loss include:
Blurred vision. Eye pain. Floaters and flashes.
Sensitivity to light (photophobia).
Sudden loss of vision or sudden appearance of black spots.
Causes
Vision loss has many causes. In the United States, the main ones are:
Accidents or injuries to the ocular surface (chemical burns or sports injuries).
Diabetes.
Glaucoma.
Macular degeneration.
The type of partial vision loss can vary depending on the cause:
With cataracts, vision may be blurred or blurry, and bright light may cause glare.
With diabetes, vision may be blurry, with shadows or missing areas in the visual field and difficulty seeing at night.
With glaucoma, tunnel vision and missing areas in the visual field may occur.
With macular degeneration, side vision is normal, but central vision is gradually lost.
How is Blindness diagnosed?
A doctor will examine each eye to determine your vision, performing a complete eye exam. Blindness may affect only one eye. Tests may include:
Snellen Test: You're probably familiar with this test. The practitioner asks you to read lines of letters that get smaller as they move across the page. This visual acuity test measures what you can see in front of you (central vision).
Visual field test: Your visual field doesn't just cover your central vision. It's what you can see to the sides, above and below, without moving your eye.
How is Blindness treated?
The type of treatment available depends on your condition. Practitioners can treat some types of blindness with medications or glasses, but they can't treat others, such as those where both eyes are missing or completely damaged. In these cases, your practitioner may recommend vision rehabilitation. The goal of vision rehabilitation is to improve visual function so you can achieve your vision goals and improve your quality of life. This is often achieved through low-vision training, therapy, and the use of low-vision devices.
Treatment for Partial Blindness
There is treatment for some types of blindness, depending on the cause and extent of the eye damage.
Medications: Anti-infectives treat some types of blindness caused by infections.
Cataract Surgery: Surgery can successfully treat cataracts in most cases.
Corneal Transplant: A healthcare professional can replace the scarred cornea.
Retinal Surgery: A healthcare professional can repair damaged retinal tissue through surgery or laser.
Vitamin Supplements: You may be able to reverse vision loss caused by xerophthalmia by taking Vitamin A. You may need vitamin B or vitamin D supplements to treat vision loss caused by an unhealthy diet.
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